AMMAN: Daesh (ISIS) militants regained control of Albukamal, their last stronghold in Syria, after Iranian-backed militias who claimed to have captured the city a few days earlier were ambushed and forced to retreat, tribal leaders, residents and a war monitor said on Monday.

Fighters from Lebanese Shiite Hezbollah in Syria who joined forces with Iraqi Shiite fighters crossing the border into Syria were taken by surprise by militants hiding inside tunnels in the heart of the city they said they had taken on Wednesday, they said.

The Shiite fighters had launched a ground offensive on the city, in Syria's eastern Deir al-Zor province where the Euphrates River meets, after months of mainly heavy Russian bombardment against the city that killed dozens of civilians and caused widespread destruction.

"Islamic State militants began surprise attacks with suicide bombers and rocket attacks after the Iranian militias were duped that Daesh (Islamic State) had left the city," said Qahtan Ghanam al-Ali, a tribal leader in touch with relatives.

The Syrian army had on Thursday declared victory over Daesh, claiming it had killed many militants while scores surrendered. It said the capture of Albukamal marked the collapse of the militants' three-year reign in the region.

The army made no mention of the loss of Albukamal but Hezbollah's media unit said intensive aerial strikes pounded Daesh hideouts in the western countryside of the city.

The offensive was spearheaded by elite forces from Hezbollah fighting inside Syria alongside an array of Iraqi and Afghan Shiite militias that had entered from Iraq, a commander in that alliance told Reuters.

"These militant attacks lead to big human losses in the ranks of fighters supporting the regime," the U.K.-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said.

Albukamal, a major supply and communications hub for the ultra-hard-line militants between Syria and Iraq, was a big prize for the Iranian-backed militias.

The militants' control of the city and its sister border town of Al-Qaim on the Iraqi side had disrupted the strategic Baghdad-Damascus highway that had long been a major arms supply conduit by Iran to its Syrian ally.

The Syrian opposition and some Western countries say Iran’s strong military intervention on the side of Syrian President Bashar Assad, alongside its backing of other Shiite militias, is fuelling the sectarian dimension of the Syrian civil war by radicalising mainstream Sunni rebels.

An overstretched Syrian army is now more than ever dependent on Shiite militias on the ground and Russia's military fire power to recapture ground from Sunni insurgents.

Daesh, the militant group that once laid claim to a self-styled "caliphate" spanning swathes of Syria and Iraq, has seen its proto-state crumble in recent months under the pressure of multiple offensives.

On Sunday, jets believed to be Russian intensified their third day of bombing of Albukamal and its outskirts, with at least 50 civilians, mostly women and children, killed since Friday, the monitor and residents said.

In retaliation for their losses, Iranian militias who were forced to withdraw shelled villages east of the city where hundreds of families who fled Albukamal had found temporary refuge, the U.K.-based war monitor said.

In one airstrike on the town of Sukariya, east of the city, at least thirty people were killed, mostly women and children from three families, two former residents of the city in contact with relatives said.

Other aerial strikes hit villages of Marshada and Sousa near the river crossing where hundreds of civilians were targeted as they fled in small boats and dinghies, they added.

Albukamal has been a target of intensive strikes believed to be conducted by Russia across Deir al-Zor province which has killed hundreds of civilians in recent months, according to the monitor and local figures.

Military experts and Syrian opposition figures say Russia has stepped up a "scorched earth" policy in the province with its aerial bombing in recent months to secure a rapid military victory at any price for its military and its allies.