NICOSIA: Here are the main sanctions and other diplomatic measures against the regime of Syrian President Bashar al-Assad, in protest at the crackdown on a popular uprising that began in mid-March.
 
APRIL 

- 29: US President Barack Obama imposes restrictions on financial transactions and freezes assets, notably targeting Maher al-Assad, the powerful brother of the president, who commands Syria's feared Fourth Armoured Division.
 
MAY 

- 9: The European Union places Maher on a list of 13 senior officials slapped with an asset freeze and travel ban as part of a package of measures, including an embargo on arms and on equipment used for internal repression.

- 18: The United States slaps Assad and six other regime leaders with sanctions.

- 24: The EU imposes its first sanctions on Assad in the form of an assets freeze and travel ban.
 
JUNE 

- 24: The EU imposes sanctions on three commanders of Iran's Revolutionary Guard, including its leader, accusing them of aiding the crackdown.

- 29: Washington says it is imposing sanctions on Syria's Political Security Directorate.
 
JULY 

- 3: Switzerland blocks 31.8 million dollars (21.9 million euros) worth of assets linked to the Syrian regime.

- 20: Cyprus says it is revoking the passport of Syrian tycoon Rami Makhlouf because of EU sanctions imposed against him.
 
AUGUST 

- 2: The EU adds Defence Minister Ali Habib Mahmud and four others to its sanctions blacklist of individuals and businesses associated with the clampdown.

- 3: The United Nations Security Council condemns the crackdown in a statement.

- 4: The US imposes sanctions on a businessman close to Assad and his family, Muhammad Hamsho.

- 7: Saudi Arabia recalls its ambassador from Damascus, followed by Kuwait and Bahrain. Qatar recalled its ambassador in mid-July.

- 10: The US imposes sanctions on Syria's largest commercial bank and largest mobile phone operator.

- 13: Canada says it has expanded sanctions on Syria, including blacklisting a commercial bank and a mobile phone provider.

- 18: Obama and his western allies call on Assad to resign. The US slaps harsh new sanctions on Syria, freezing all government assets and forbidding investment and exports to the country and imports of oil and gas.

- 24: The EU names Iran's elite Al-Quds force, five Syrian generals and the military intelligence network in Damascus on a new list of those sanctioned.

- 27: Arab foreign ministers meeting in Cairo urge the Syrian regime "to follow the path of reason before it is too late".

- 29: The EU moves closer to banning imports of Syrian oil. A formal decision is expected by the end of the week.

- 30: The US slaps sanctions on Foreign Minister Walid Muallem, top presidential advisor Bouthaina Shaaban, and Syrian ambassador to Lebanon Ali Abdul Karim Ali.